About Xylem Design

The History of the Easel

References

[1] Artist unknown. Scribe from Tomb of Saqqara. The Louvre, Paris. Everyday Life in Bible Times. Melville Bell Grosvenor, Ed. (Washington D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1967) 112.

[2] Grosvenor 116.

[3] Grosvenor 326.

[4] Pliny the Elder. The Elder Pliny's Chapters On The History Of Art. Trans. K. Jex-Blake. (Chicago: Ares Publishers) 1976.

[5] Artist unknown. Painted Sarcophagus (detail). The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg. The State Hermitage Volume I: Masterpieces from the Museum’s Collections. Vitaly Suslov, Gen. Ed. (London: Booth-Clibborn Editions, 1994) Plate 309.

[6] Wang Wei. Scholar Fu Sheng. Osaka Municipal Museum, Osaka. Ancient China. By Edward Schafer. (New York, TIME LIFE Books, 1967) 123.

[7] Pintoricchio. Penelope at the Loom and Her Suitors. The National Gallery, London. Paintings in the National Gallery, London. By Augusto Gentili, William Barcham, Linda Whiteley. (Boston: Little Brown & Co., 2000) Plate 74.

[8]Artist unknown. (from a 12^th Century Manuscript). St. Catherines’s Monastery, Mount Sinai. Grosvenor 445.

[9] Matthew Paris. Drawing from Liber Experimentarius by Bernardus Silvestris. The Bodleian Library, Oxford. The Age of Faith. By Anne Fremantle. (New York: TIME LIFE Books Inc., 1965) 98.

[10] Albrecht Dürer. St. Jerome in his Study. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. The Rainbow Book of Art. By Thomas Craven. (Cleveland: World Publishing Company) 1956. 146.

[11] Antonis Mor. Self-Portrait. Uffizi Gallery, Florence. Paintings in the Uffizi and Pitti Galleries. By Mina Gregori. (Boston: Little Brown & Co., 1994) 612.

[12] Annibale Carracci. Self-Portrait on an Easel. Uffizi Gallery, Florence. Paintings in the Uffizi and Pitti Galleries. By Mina Gregori. (Boston: Little Brown & Co., 1994) 599.

[13] Rembrandt Harmensz, van Rijn. Artist in his Studio. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Rembrandt: Life and Work, revised edition. By Jakob Rosenberg. (New York: Cornell University Press) 1980. Figure 255.

[14] Jenny Uglow, Hogarth: A Life and World. (London: Faber and Faber Limited, 1997) 598.

[15] Ernest Klein. A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. (Amsterdam: Elsevier Publishing Co.) 1971.

[16] “Easel,” The Oxford English Dictionary, 1933 ed.

[17] Pierre Lebrun, “Collection of Essays on the Wonders of Painting.” Trans. Mary P. Merrifield. Medieval and Renaissance Treatises on the Arts of Painting, ed. Mary P. Merrifield. (New York: Dover Publications, Inc.) 1967. 770.

[18] Marc Gotlieb, “The Painter's Secret: Invention and Rivalry from Vasari to Balzac,” The Art Bulletin Sept. 2002: 469.

[19] Ralph Mayer. The Artist’s Handbook of Materials and Techniques, 4^th ed. (New York: Viking Press) 1988.

[20] Marek Bartelik, “Concerning Socialist Realism: Recent Publications on Russian Art,” Art Journal Winter 1999: 90.

[21] David L. Barquist. American Tables and Looking Glasses. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press) 1992. 265.

[22] Jonathan L. Fairbanks and Elizabeth Bidwell Bates. American Furniture 1620 to Present. (New York: Richard Marek Publishers) 1981. 458.

[23] Joseph T. Butler. Field Guide to American Antique Furniture. (New York: Roundtable Press) 1995. 361.

[24] Butler 356.

[25] Barquist 265.

[26] Marshall B. Davidson. American Heritage Dictionary of American Antiques from the Revolution to the Civil War. (U.S.A: American Heritage Publishing Co., Inc.) 1968.108.

[27] H.D. Molesworth and John Kenworthy-Browne. Three Centuries of Furniture. (New York: Viking Press, 1969. 224.

[28] Kandace Steadman and Ande Cook, “Frida Kahlo: a Self-Proclaiming Self-Portrait Artist,” School Arts, Jan 1996: 22.

[29] Carlos Hugo Espinel, “De Kooning's Late Colours and Forms: Dementia, Creativity, and the Healing Power of Art,” The Lancet, April 20, 1996: 1096.